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Cut-leaf Grape Fern

Botrychium dissectum (boh-TRIK-ee-um dy-SEK-tum)

Family: Ophioglossaceae Native Herbaceous (1-3 ft)

Cutleaf grape fern is an evergreen herbaceous perennial in the Adder’s-tongue family (Ophioglossaceae). It is native to eastern, central, southern regions of the United States, among other places. In North Carolina, it is common in the Piedmont and Mountain regions, but rarely seen in the Coastal Plains. The fern grows in habitats including moist forests, sandy grasslands, wooded ravines, pastures, and the edges of swamps. They tend to favor woodlands with deciduous trees. The genus name, Botrychium , is Greek in origin for botrys , which means "a bunch of grapes." This references the sporangia that are the spore-bearing organs of the plant. The species epithet, dissectum , means "dissected," which refers to the finely divided leaf. The plant prefers partial shade to medium shade and it grows best in moist sandy, loamy soils with decaying organic matter. The fern is difficult to cultivate. They are propagated by their spores, which are very slow to germinate and develop. It may require up to 8 years before the rhizomes and fronds are produced. Cutleaf grape fern grows up 6 to 18 inches tall, and the foliage is medium green in color. The leaves occur at the base of the plant. The fern has a single sterile leaf that is photosynthetic and (typically) a single fertile leaf that is non-photosynthetic. In the fall, the fronds are bright green. During the winter, the foliage is bronze-colored. Plant in a woodland, native, or shade garden. Cutleaf grape fern is resistant to browsing by deer. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: No serious problems. VIDEO Created by NC State Extension's Homegrown series featuring Mark Weathington , Director of JC Raulston Arboretum .

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 42 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous (1-3 ft)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Botrychium virginianum

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Fern; Native Plant; Perennial
Life cycle
Perennial
Light
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist
Available space
Less than 12 inches
NC region
Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 0 ft. 6 in. - 1 ft. 6 in. | Width: 0 ft. 4 in. - 0 ft. 6 in.
Growth rate
Slow
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous (1-3 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Erect; Horizontal
Leaf color
Brown/Copper; Green
Leaf type
Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately); Fronds
Leaf shape
Lanceolate; Ovate
Leaf margin
Entire; Serrate
Leaf feel
Glossy; Leathery
Leaf size
3-6 inches long, 3-6 inches wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
The Cutleaf Grape Fern has leathery, evergreen fronds. The plant has a single sterile leaf and a single fertile leaf. The two are joined near the ground surface. The sterile leaf is often parallel to the ground. It measures 6 inches long and 6 inches wide. It is pinnately divided into 6 pairs of leaflets with a terminal leaflet. Each leaflet is divided into 3-6 pairs of sub-leaflets with a terminal sub-leaflet. The sub-leaflets are lanceolate to ovate in shape. Each sub-leaflet is divided into 3-8 ovate lobes. The sterile leaf is medium to dark green in color, and the underside is medium green. The fertile leaf is up to 6 inches long and 3 inches wide. It is on a long stalk that stands above the sterile leaf. The fertile leaf looks like a panicle with clusters of spore cases or sporangia. The sporangia are on the terminal ends of the fertile leaf. The sporangia are smooth and pale yellow. In late fall to early winter, the sporangia mature. They will split open to release the spores to the wind. The fertile leaf will wither away. The sterile leaf color changes to bronze over the winter and withers away in the spring or summer. The margins of the leaves may vary and depend on the variety.
Flower detail
No flowers.
Fruit detail
No fruits. This plants reproduces via spores.
Stem color
Brown/Copper; Green
Stem detail
The petiole of the sterile leaf is up to 6 inches long, light green to brown, flattened, grooved, and glabrous. The petiole of the fertile leaf is on the same stalk as the sterile leaf. They join together near the surface of the ground. The petiole of the fertile leaf is up to 12 inches long, light green to brown, rounded, and glabrous.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Native
Origin
East Canada and U.S.A., Jamaica
Distribution
Canada: New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, and Prince Edward Island; USA: AL, AR, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MS, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX, VA, VT, WI, and WV; Dominican Republic; Jamacia
Landscape Use
Landscape location
Woodland
Landscape theme
Fairy Garden; Native Garden; Shade Garden
Garden tags
#NC native #native fern #Coastal FAC #food source herbage #Piedmont Mountains FAC #bird friendly #Audubon #deer resistant #fern #shade garden #heavy shade tolerant #spores #fairy garden
Problems & Resistance
Resistant to
Deer; Heavy Shade

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.