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Common Grape Fern

Botrychium virginianum (bo-TRIH-chee-um ver-jin-ee-AH-num)

Family: Ophioglossaceae Native Herbaceous (3-15 ft)

Rattlesnake Fern is a deciduous herbaceous perennial in the Adder’s-Tongue fern family (Ophioglossaceae) found in most of North America, Central America, portions of South America, Eurasia, China, Korea, and Japan. It is the most widespread of the ferns in this genus in North America. It is common and widespread in North Carolina. The genus name, Botrychium, is Greek in origin for botrys , which means a "bunch of grapes." This references the clusters of spherical sporangia, which resemble grapes. The common name, Rattlesnake Fern, refers to the sporangia that resembles a snake’s rattle. Rattlesnake Ferns prefer partial to deep shade and moist fertile soils. It thrives in an abundance of decaying organic matter and is best suited for acidic soils. It is dependent on mycorrhizal fungi in the soil to survive. This plant is difficult to cultivate. Dividing or transplanting is usually unsuccessful. They are propagated by the germination of their spores. The Rattlesnake fern grows from rhizomes. The leaves are light green, and the stalks are light green to red. The plant consists of just two leaves: a sterile leaf and a fertile leaf. The fertile leaf develops before the sterile leaf. The sterile leaf is positioned horizontally. Rattlesnake Fern and the Cutleaf Grape Fern ( Botrychium dissectum ) are very similar in appearance and habitat. The fronds of the Cutleaf Grape Fern are leathery; whereas, the Rattlesnake Fern fronds are thin, non-leathery, and delicate. The Cutleaf Grape Fern is evergreen, and the Rattlesnake Fern is deciduous. The rattlesnake fern would do well in woodlands, and native and shade gardens. Diseases, Insects, and Other Plant Problems: No significant problems VIDEO Created by NC State Extension's Homegrown series featuring Mark Weathington , Director of JC Raulston Arboretum .

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 47 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Botrychium dissectum

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Fern; Ground Cover; Herbaceous Perennial; Native Plant
Life cycle
Perennial
USDA zones
4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b
Light
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
High Organic Matter
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Dry
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 0 ft. 6 in. - 4 ft. 0 in. | Width: 0 ft. 8 in. - 1 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Medium
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Arching; Erect
Texture
Fine
Foliage
Deciduous
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately); Fronds
Leaf arrangement
Opposite
Leaf shape
Lanceolate; Oblong; Ovate
Leaf margin
Dentate
Leaf feel
Soft
Leaf size
> 6 inches long, > 6 inches wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
This plant has long, erect, bright green, arching, 10-in. fronds that are broadly triangular and bipinnate to tripinnate. This plant has 2 large, opposite, basal pinnae and 4-5 pairs of opposite or subopposite smaller pinnae. The segments are pointed, toothed and thin-textured. Fertile fronds arise from the base of the blade.
Flower detail
No flowers.
Fruit detail
No fruits. This plant reproduces via spores. The spores are present from September to November.
Stem color
Green; Red/Burgundy
Stem detail
The basal stalk that supports the sterile leaf is light green to dark red, smooth, and stout. The cross-section is rounded in shape. The basal stalk measure 2 to 6 inches in height. The stalk of the fertile is light green, leaf measures 3 to 6 inches, and smooth. The cross-section is round in shape.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Native
Origin
New World and Temp. Eurasia
Distribution
USA: AK, AL, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, DC, FL, GA, ID, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, ME, MA, MI, MN MS, MO, MT, NE, NV, NH, NJ, NM, NY, NC, ND, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VT, VA, WA, WV, WI, and WY; Canada: Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Northwest Territory, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Saskatchewan, and Yukon; Central and South America: Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, and Venezuela; Cuba, Dominican Republic, Jamacia; Asia: China, Korea, Japan, Nepal, Pakistan, Tibet. West Himalaya, West Siberia; Europe: Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, Czechoslovakia, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Russia, Switzerland, Ukraine, and Yugoslavia
Attracts
Songbirds
Landscape Use
Landscape location
Woodland
Landscape theme
Native Garden; Shade Garden
Garden tags
#deciduous #fern #fronds #spring interest #NC native #Piedmont Mountains FACU #Coastal FACU #native fern #bird friendly #Audubon #deer resistant #shade garden #heavy shade tolerant #woodland
Problems & Resistance
Resistant to
Deer; Heavy Shade
Particularly resistant to
Heavy shade, Deer

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.