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Arrowroot

Canna (KAN-nah)

Family: Cannaceae Non-native Herbaceous (3-15 ft)

Canna is a group of erect perennial bulbs in the Cannaceae (canna) family, native to tropical East and West Africa and Central and South America. They can grow up to 8 feet tall and 6 feet wide. The genus name comes from the Latin word for reed. Canna can be challenging to grow. They grow in a variety of soil textures but prefer organically-rich, well-drained soil and a site that receives full sun to partial shade. Good drainage is essential to prevent rhizomes from rotting, however the plant will tolerate moist, occasionally wet soil. These plants will sustain injury if left in the ground at temperatures below 25 degrees F. Gardeners in hardiness zones 6a and 6b should cut the plants to the ground immediately after the first frost and lift the rhizome clumps for winter storage in a dry medium such as peat or vermiculite. Store the rhizomes in a cool dry location that does not fall below 40 degrees F. In the spring, after the last frost, return the rhizomes to the ground placing them 4 to 6 inches deep and spaced 12 inches to 3 feet apart. Propagation is by division. Showy flowers bloom from July to October above leaves that are large and broad and may be green to reddish purple. Some leaves can be 2 feet long. Arrowroot is a wildlife food source as well as a larval host for the Lesser canna leafroller ( Geshna cannalis ) moth. Cultivars with red blooms attract hummingbirds. Plant canna in drought tolerant, rain, and water gardens. Place them near pools, walkways, containers, and ponds. They make great mass plantings to grow as hedges, backgrounds, or borders. Quick ID Hints : Tall erect herb with giant, sheathing leaves Terminal racemes with large carotenoid flowers Fruits a prickly 3-valved capsule. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems : Japanese beetles, slugs, and snails; aster yellows disease, bud rot, rust, and mosaic virus. VIDEO Created by Elisabeth Meyer for "Edibles, Bulbs, and Houseplants," a plant identification course developed in partnership with Longwood Gardens.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 64 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Aspidistra elatior Thalia dealbata

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Bulb; Perennial
Life cycle
Bulb
USDA zones
6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Wet
Available space
12 inches-3 feet
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 1 ft. 6 in. - 8 ft. 0 in. | Width: 1 ft. 6 in. - 6 ft. 0 in.
Maintenance
Medium
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Clumping; Erect
Leaf color
Brown/Copper; Gray/Silver; Green; Purple/Lavender; Red/Burgundy; Variegated
Leaf type
Sheath; Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate; Rosulate
Leaf shape
Elliptical; Lanceolate; Ovate
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf feel
Fleshy
Leaf value
Showy
Leaf size
> 6 inches long, > 6 inches wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Leaves are large, broad, pinnately nerved, with a distinct midrib. Alternate, simple, sheathing, 2-ranked, gigantic, to 2' long x 4-12" wide, green to reddish-purple, or yellowish variegated; blade broad elliptic to lanceolate, acute, broadly cuneate to round, entire. May have a glaucous coating. Foliage colors vary from shades of green or bronze to striped/variegated and provide ornamental value when plants are not in flower.
Flower color
Cream/Tan; Gold/Yellow; Orange; Pink; Red/Burgundy; Variegated
Flower value
Showy
Flower form
Panicle; Raceme; Spike
Flower shape
Lipped
Flower size
3-6 inches
Flower detail
Gladiolus-like flowers that bloom atop erect stems sheathed in large paddle-shaped leaves. What appears to be the petals are actually modified stamens. Available in many colors: rose, pink, red, yellow, orange, salmon, and bicolored. Terminal, bracteated raceme. Asymmetrical, bold carotenoid pigments of red to orange to yellow; sepals 3, short, glaucous. petals 3, narrow, united into a basal tube; staminodes (petal-like stamens) 4, three broadly obovate overtopping petals, showy, one with remenant of anther sac or minute lobe; stamens 1, petaloid with solitary marginal anther. Typically blooms from July to October.
Bloom time
Fall; Summer
Fruit color
Green
Fruit type
Capsule
Fruit size
1-3 inches long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
A 3-valved, prickly capsule, often warted. Many rounded seeds with very hard endosperm.
Stem color
Purple/Lavender; Red/Burgundy
Stem detail
Erect, 1-5' tall, often reddish-purple.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
Tropical east and west Africa, Central and South America
Wildlife value
Cultivars with red blooms attract hummingbirds. Host plant for Brazilian Skipper caterpillar and moth.
Attracts
Hummingbirds
Play value
Attractive Flowers; Colorful; Screening; Wildlife Food Source; Wildlife Larval Host
Food & Medicine
Edible parts
Roots
Harvest time
Fall
Fruit type
Capsule

Edibility

Canna root is a source of edible starch.

Uses (ethnobotany)

Cannas are used in agriculture as a rich source of starch for human and animal consumption.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Container; Pond; Pool/Hardscape; Riparian; Vertical Spaces; Walkways
Landscape theme
Drought Tolerant Garden; Rain Garden; Water Garden
Design feature
Accent; Border; Hedge; Mass Planting; Screen/Privacy; Small groups
Garden tags
#summer bulbs #showy leaves #stream banks #ccp #large flowers #showy flowers #drought tolerant #poolside planting #perennial bulbs #water garden #rain garden #large leaves #fantz #herbaceous #groundcover #pink flowers #ebh #ebh-g #tropical feel #riparian #annual flowers #hummingbird friendly #red flowers #bulb #flower arrangements #larval host plant #rich soils #mass planting #well-drained soil #moth caterpillar host #pond margins #annual bulb #yellow flowers #summer interest #humidity tolerant #summer flowers #full sun tolerant #colorful leaves #colorful #heat tolerant #wet soils tolerant #loamy soils tolerant #moist soil #border planting #orange flowers #clay soils tolerant #cream flowers #fall flowers #red stems #showstopper #purple stems #fall interest #attractive leaves #container plant #upright form #difficult to grow #landscape plant sleuths course #hedge #annual #variegated #wildlife friendly #accent #hortcontest #pond #poor soil tolerant #screen #small groups #walkway #wetland
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Japanese Beetle; Slugs & Snails on Ornamental Plants
Other problems
Winter Injury
Resistant to
Drought; Heat; Humidity; Poor Soil; Salt; Wet Soil
Particularly resistant to
Tolerates drought, poor soil, wet soil, heat, and humidity.
Propagation
Division

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.